Archive for April, 2008

About Sleep Disorders

A sleepless night can leave you feeling bleary-eyed and tired, but most people quickly recover from a bout of insomnia. However, millions of people suffer from sleep disorders so persistent that their quality of life is compromised and various other medical disorders begin emerging. People who don’t get enough sleep can experience a multitude of physical and mental illnesses. In this article, we’ll talk about sleep disorders and how they can impact your life.

There are over one hundred different types of sleep problems that can be classified into four categories. Insomnia include difficulty falling and staying asleep. Narcolepsy and sleep apnea are examples of sleep disorders that prevent people from staying awake. People suffering from jet lag or those who have trouble sleeping because of shift work are having a disturbance in their sleep/wake cycle. People who experience sleepwalking or enuresis are experiencing sleep interruptions associated with behavioral problems. Any condition in which your sleep doesn’t follow the typical sleep phase cycle or doesn’t stay in each cycle for a sufficient period of time is a disruptive sleep disorder.

Those who have disrupted sleep tend to not experience “restorative sleep.” Sleep deprivation can make you irritable, tired, have less focus, a lower frustration level, and can lead to exhibiting behavior that’s more emotional and impulsive. One dangerous fact about sleeping disorders is that they weaken the immune system and make us more susceptible to other diseases like diabetes, cancer and even the common cold. It is not uncommon for people who suffer from sleep deprivation due to sleep disorders such as sleep apnea, narcolepsy and insomnia to also suffer from other problems including diabetes, asthma or a second sleep disorder.

When gaining insight about sleep disorders, you will find that no one is immune. Many elderly people suffer from insomnia and often have to be put on medication for the condition. Some of the common sleep disorders that affect children include night terrors, nightmares and bedwetting. Nearly seventy percent of women report that they suffer from some type of sleep disorder. Similarly, over forty percent of women admit that daytime sleepiness disrupts their daily activities. Although menopausal and pregnant women are far more likely to suffer from a sleep disorder, women are two times more likely than men to experience a malady of this kind.

Almost everyone suffers from a sleep disorder at some time, but ignoring a persistent problem could result in serious health problems. Recovery may include a lifestyle change or altering your sleep habits. Talk to your doctor about sleep disorders and find out more about the variety of treatments available. A good night of sleep can improve both your health and your quality of life.

Heart cells grown from stem cells

Cardiomyocytes 

Stem cells have been used to create heart cells under lab conditions by researchers from the McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine in Toronto.

By supplying the right growth factors at the right time, they encouraged the cells to grow into immature versions of three different types of cardiac cell.

The three cell types they created - cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells - are each important constituents of heart muscle.

Lead reseracher Dr Gordon Keller says

“The immediate impact of this is significant as we now have an unlimited supply of these cells to study how they develop, how they function and how they respond to different drugs.   In the future, these cells may also be very effective in developing new strategies for repairing damaged hearts, following a heart attack.”

To see these heart cells in action, click on the following link to a BBC video

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/7361250.stm

Elaine Warburton   www.geneticsandhealth.com

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“Genetics and Health” at “Heath and Wellness” channel

 

Genetics and Health is now part of b5 media’s Health and Wellness channel (formerly science and health)

This month’s theme day focused on cancer and was hosted by Marijke at ‘Help my Hurt’.  Take a look at the range of great articles on all aspects of cancer submitted by my colleagues in ‘Health and Wellness’ with a number of thought-provoking cancer advances.

 http://www.helpmyhurt.com/2008/04/23/help-my-hurt-hosts-this-months-theme-day-living-with-cancer/

Elaine Warburton  www.geneticsandhealth.com

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Gene signature found for breast cancer survival

(Photo: Breast cancer cell , courtesy www.hopeforcancer.com)

Scientists believe they have identified a gene that may be able to limit the growth of breast cancer tumors.

The US National Cancer Institute, led by geneticist Kent Hunter found in tests on mice that tumors containing the bromodomain 4  or Brd4 gene ended up 10 times smaller than ones that did not.

In typically growing cells, Brd4 is a nuclear protein that’s associated with chromatin. It apparently influences DNA replication and cell cycle progression. Because of its previously identified physical interaction with an invasiveness-suppressing GTPase activating protein called Sipa1, Hunter and his colleagues decided to delve into Brd4’s role in breast cancer.

The team then carried out research into 1,240 patients, split between five separate groups.  They found those with the Brd4 gene had much better survival rates - in some of the groups it was nearly double the rate than those without the gene.

Using Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome 430 2.0 arrays, Hunter and his team found the Brd4-mediated gene expression profile or signature in mice. Nearly 150 classes of genes seem to be influenced by Brd4 expression — including some related to cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, chromatin structure, cytoskeletal remodeling, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix functions.

They mapped these onto human Affymetrix datasets in the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus as well as the Dutch Rosetta cohort, which used a different microarray platform. Several hundred human genes had expression profiles that were similar to those in Brd4 expressing mouse models. In addition, the level of Brd4 activation could predict survival for all five data sets.

It also provided clues about survival in other patient populations such as those whose cancer had not spread to their lymph nodes and those with estrogen-receptor-positive tumors.

Though the results are still preliminary, they suggest that this work may help doctors better predict each patient’s breast cancer progression. In addition, the authors noted that they are currently assessing SNP data to determine whether Brd4 polymorphisms also influence breast cancer progression and prognosis.

“The results of this study and other work in our laboratory suggests that people with inherited differences in Brd4 and the proteins that it induces have a genetic predisposition for developing cancer metastasis,” Hunter said. “A better understanding of this gene may lead to improved methods of diagnosing and treating cancer.”

Elaine Warburton  www.geneticsandhealth.com

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Doggie DNA used to look into human psychiatric problems

 

KQED Public Broadcasting in San Francisco recently did a radio story about the UC San Francisco Canine Behavioral Genetics Project run in collaboration with the University of Pennsylvania. The aims of the project are:

1. To explore the relationship between genes and behavior, both normal and abnormal, in domestic dogs.

2. To assess the amount and nature of genetic diversity in domestic dogs, both within and between breeds. 

Melanie Chang of UCSFMelanie Chang of the CBG project

Anyone wishing to send in their dog’s DNA can visit the site:

http://www.k9behavioralgenetics.com/ 

Canine Behavorial Genetics ProjectDog DNA samples waiting to be processed at the CBG project 

However, it is often said dogs and their owners resemble each other. Now, researchers within this project are looking for those connections on a whole new level. They’re searching for the genes that cause common psychiatric problems in humans - by looking at the DNA of dogs. Have a listen to this very interesting broadcast:

http://www.kqed.org/quest/radio/view/836

Elaine Warburton  www.geneticsandhealth.com

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